In Lagos slums, disguised antibiotics—chalk, talc, or wrong doses—fuel resistance. Patients pay for relief but get inert filler, making common infections untreatable.

Kenya's NHIF covers only fluoxetine, while private insurers list four generations of antidepressants. The gap in access drives inequity in depression treatment.

Medicare reimburses psychiatrists roughly 30% less for depression care than for diabetes monitoring. The gap stems from how fee schedules value mental health services, limiting patient access.

A 2023 study found 38% of Bihar brick kiln workers have restrictive lung disease. Despite guidelines recommending annual spirometry, fewer than 5% ever get tested. The mechanism, the gap, and what could close it.